AOD 9604 Peptide 5mg – Protide Health USA

AOD 9604 Peptide Overview & Technical Specifications

AOD 9604 peptide is a synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone.

The peptide corresponds to the human growth hormone 177–191 region with an additional N-terminal tyrosine and contains an intramolecular disulfide bond between its two cysteine residues.

Protide Health supplies AOD 9604 peptide as 5mg of 99% purity, HPLC-MS verified, third-party tested lyophilized research material in a 3mL vial.

AOD-9604 has been investigated primarily in research involving:

• Adipocyte biology
• Lipolysis
• Fat oxidation
• Beta-adrenergic signaling
• Growth-hormone-fragment biology
• Metabolic research
• Peptide analytical characterization

The strongest positive findings come from preclinical models. Controlled human obesity development did not establish clinically meaningful weight-loss efficacy.

Technical Specifications

• Product Name: AOD-9604
• Alternative Names: AOD 9604, AOD9604, AOD-9604 peptide
• Quantity: 5mg
• Form: Lyophilized powder
• Vial Size: 3mL
• Purity: 99%
• Testing: HPLC-MS verified; third-party tested
• Peptide Type: Synthetic 16-amino-acid C-terminal growth hormone fragment analogue
• Peptide Length: 16 amino acids
• Sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe
• One-Letter Sequence: YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF
• Disulfide Bond: Cys7-Cys14
• CAS Number: 221231-10-3
• PubChem CID: 71300630
• Molecular Formula: C78H123N23O23S2
• Molecular Weight: approximately 1815.12 g/mol
• Appearance: White to off-white lyophilized powder
• Solubility: Limited solubility in neutral aqueous solutions
• Storage: Store sealed at ≤6°C and protected from heat, light, and moisture
• Research Use: Adipocyte, lipid-metabolism, beta-adrenergic, biochemical, analytical, and qualified preclinical research only

PubChem identifies AOD-9604 as CID 71300630 and confirms the 16-residue sequence, Cys7-Cys14 disulfide, formula C78H123N23O23S2, and molecular weight of approximately 1815.1 g/mol.

AOD 9604 Peptide Chemical Structure

The AOD 9604 peptide sequence is:

H-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe-OH

or:

YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF

The peptide contains a disulfide bridge connecting:

Cys7 to Cys14

This creates a constrained cyclic region within the otherwise peptide-based structure.

Researchers can reference the supplied AOD-9604 chemical structure associated with PubChem CID 71300630.

What Is AOD-9604?

AOD-9604 is a synthetic analogue based on the C-terminal lipolytic region of human growth hormone.

It was developed to investigate whether some metabolic effects associated with growth hormone could be separated from the classical growth-hormone receptor effects of intact hGH.

AOD-9604 research has therefore examined:

• Lipolysis
• Fat oxidation
• Adipose-tissue signaling
• Beta-adrenergic pathways
• Body-weight change in animal models
• Growth-hormone-receptor independence

This does not make AOD 9604 peptide equivalent to intact human growth hormone.

AOD 9604 Peptide vs Human Growth Hormone

AOD-9604 and intact human growth hormone are structurally very different.

Human Growth Hormone

Human GH is a much larger protein containing 191 amino acids.

AOD-9604

AOD 9604 peptide contains only 16 amino acids and is based on a short C-terminal region of the growth hormone molecule.

Preclinical studies reported that AOD-9604 did not bind the conventional hGH receptor in the same manner as intact growth hormone and did not induce hGH-receptor-mediated cell proliferation in the experimental system tested.

This distinction is central to the compound’s original research rationale.

AOD 9604 Peptide & Lipolysis Research

One of the main research themes for AOD 9604 peptide is lipolysis.

Lipolysis is the breakdown of stored triglycerides into components including:

• Free fatty acids
• Glycerol

A 2000 animal study involving obese Zucker rats reported increased lipolytic activity in adipose tissue following AOD-9604 exposure.

The researchers also reported reduced body-weight gain relative to controls under the specific experimental conditions studied.

These were animal findings and do not establish human weight-loss efficacy.

AOD 9604 & Fat Oxidation Research

Another preclinical study examined AOD-9604 in obese mice and reported:

• Increased fat oxidation
• Increased plasma glycerol
• Reduced body-weight gain

The same study found that AOD-9604 did not compete for the conventional hGH receptor under the experimental conditions tested.

This helped support the hypothesis that the C-terminal fragment may operate differently from full-length growth hormone.

AOD 9604 & Beta-3 Adrenergic Research

A separate mouse study investigated the beta-3 adrenergic receptor pathway.

Researchers reported increased beta-3 adrenergic receptor RNA expression in obese mice after chronic AOD-9604 exposure.

Importantly, the same effects were not reproduced normally in beta-3 adrenergic receptor knockout mice, suggesting that this pathway contributed to the experimental response.

This remains a preclinical mechanistic finding.

AOD-9604 Peptide Conformation Research

Structural research has also examined the conformation of AOD-9604 peptide.

NMR-related work reported that the cyclic region created by the disulfide linkage retained some structural similarity to the corresponding C-terminal region of intact human growth hormone.

Experimental work also examined lipolysis and lipogenesis across adipose-tissue preparations.

These studies help characterize AOD-9604 as a defined peptide fragment rather than merely a commercial peptide name.

AOD 9604 Benefits: Evidence Context

The phrase AOD 9604 benefits frequently appears in consumer searches.

Preclinical research has investigated:

• Lipolysis
• Fat oxidation
• Adipocyte metabolism
• Beta-adrenergic signaling
• Body-weight change in rodents
• Growth-hormone-fragment signaling

However, these findings should not be converted into claims that Protide Health AOD-9604:

• Causes human fat loss
• Treats obesity
• Reduces body weight
• Improves body composition
• Increases metabolic rate in humans
• Produces athletic or bodybuilding benefits

Human clinical development did not demonstrate statistically significant weight-loss efficacy compared with placebo in the larger obesity program.

AOD 9604 Before and After Search Context

The phrase aod 9604 before and after usually refers to photographs, body-composition changes, or anecdotal weight-loss reports.

Such images and testimonials cannot reliably establish:

• Product identity
• Dose
• Purity
• Diet adherence
• Exercise changes
• Concurrent medications
• Placebo effects
• Actual fat-mass change

More importantly, the controlled human clinical-development program did not establish significant weight loss relative to placebo.

For this reason, Protide Health does not use AOD 9604 before and after photographs as scientific evidence.

Human AOD-9604 Obesity Research

AOD-9604 progressed beyond animal research into human obesity studies.

A later large randomized clinical program evaluated oral AOD-9604 alongside diet and exercise measures.

FDA’s review of the development program reports that the differences in weight loss compared with placebo were too small to reach statistical significance at the primary and secondary endpoints.

The sponsor subsequently discontinued development of AOD-9604 for obesity.

This negative human evidence is important when interpreting positive animal studies.

Why Animal and Human Results Can Differ

Promising rodent metabolic findings do not guarantee successful human outcomes.

Differences may arise from:

• Species-specific metabolism
• Receptor expression
• Pharmacokinetics
• Exposure
• Route of administration
• Body composition
• Experimental diet
• Study duration
• Human behavioral variables

For AOD 9604 peptide, the positive rodent findings and unsuccessful obesity-development program demonstrate why preclinical and clinical evidence must be clearly separated.

AOD 9604 Side Effects: Evidence Context

The phrase AOD 9604 side effects concerns human safety.

FDA reviewed AOD-9604-related bulk substances in 2024 and concluded that the available human safety information was limited.

FDA specifically noted potential concerns involving:

• Peptide immunogenicity
• Aggregation
• Peptide-related impurities
• Insufficient long-term safety information

FDA’s review also noted serious adverse events reported during historical human studies, although available information was insufficient to establish whether AOD-9604 caused those events.

Therefore, Protide Health does not make claims that research-grade AOD-9604 is safe for human administration.

AOD 9604 Peptide & Immunogenicity

Peptides can potentially trigger immune responses depending on factors including:

• Sequence
• Aggregation
• Impurities
• Route of exposure
• Formulation
• Concentration
• Storage conditions

FDA specifically cited potential immunogenicity concerns for compounded AOD-9604 because it is a 16-amino-acid peptide and because peptide aggregation or related impurities may influence immune responses.

This is another reason analytical purity alone should not be interpreted as evidence of human safety.

AOD-9604 Free Base vs Acetate

AOD-9604 may appear in different chemical forms in research and compounding discussions, including:

• AOD-9604 free base
• AOD-9604 acetate

Counterion or salt form can influence:

• Analytical mass
• Formulation behavior
• Stability
• Solubility
• Characterization

The current Protide Health product should therefore be identified according to its lot-specific Certificate of Analysis and analytical documentation.

AOD 9604 Peptide Dosage Search Context

Although dosage was not included in the supplied keyword list, human dosing searches commonly accompany AOD 9604 peptide queries.

Protide Health does not provide human dosing instructions.

The 5mg figure identifies total research material in the vial.

It is not a recommended dose.

No guidance is provided for:

• Human injection
• Daily administration
• Oral administration
• Weight-loss cycles
• Fat-loss protocols
• Body-weight calculations
• Reconstitution for human administration

Animal doses and historical clinical doses should not be converted into self-administration instructions.

Peptides AOD 9604 Search Context

The phrase peptides AOD 9604 generally refers to AOD-9604’s classification within research-peptide catalogs.

AOD-9604 is legitimately a peptide because it consists of amino acids linked through peptide bonds.

More specifically, it is:

a synthetic 16-amino-acid growth-hormone C-terminal fragment analogue

This distinguishes it from small molecules that may sometimes be marketed alongside peptides.

AOD-9604 & Growth Hormone Receptor Research

Preclinical research suggests that AOD-9604 does not simply reproduce the classical receptor pharmacology of intact hGH.

Mouse research reported that AOD-9604:

• Did not compete effectively for hGH receptor binding
• Did not induce hGH-receptor-mediated cell proliferation
• Still produced metabolic effects in specific preclinical models

This finding contributed to the idea that distinct regions of the growth hormone molecule may possess separable biological activities.

AOD 9604 Metabolism Research

Analytical research has examined AOD-9604 metabolism in serum and urine.

A 2015 mass-spectrometry study described AOD-9604 as the hGH 177–191 C-terminal fragment with an additional N-terminal tyrosine.

Researchers identified several potential metabolites and reported a shorter metabolite containing:

CRSVEGSCG

as relatively stable under the experimental conditions.

This work is particularly relevant to analytical and peptide-metabolism research.

AOD-9604 & Anti-Doping Research

Because AOD-9604 has circulated in performance-enhancement markets, analytical laboratories have developed detection methods for the peptide.

The published metabolism study validated a urine detection approach and characterized potential metabolites for analytical identification.

This does not establish performance enhancement.

It demonstrates the importance of reliable mass-spectrometric identification.

Research Applications

Qualified laboratories may investigate AOD 9604 peptide in research involving:

• Adipocyte biology
• Lipolysis
• Lipogenesis
• Fat oxidation
• Beta-3 adrenergic pathways
• Human-growth-hormone fragment biology
• Growth-hormone-receptor-independent signaling
• Peptide conformation
• Peptide metabolism
• Analytical mass spectrometry
• Comparative metabolic research

Experimental concentrations and conditions should be determined according to validated study methodology.

Related Protide Health Research Products

Researchers comparing other endocrine peptide systems may review Oxytocin 10mg for a structurally and mechanistically distinct cyclic neuroendocrine peptide.

The P21 10mg research peptide provides a separate experimental peptide model unrelated to the C-terminal growth hormone fragment.

Researchers may also examine LL-37 5mg for a chemically distinct cathelicidin-derived peptide used in antimicrobial and cellular-signaling research.

These products should not be considered chemically or mechanistically interchangeable with AOD 9604 peptide.

Research Format & Storage

Protide Health supplies AOD 9604 peptide as:

• Quantity: 5mg
• Form: Lyophilized powder
• Vial Size: 3mL
• Purity: 99%
• Testing: HPLC-MS verified
• Verification: Third-party tested
• Appearance: White to off-white
• Solubility: Limited in neutral aqueous solutions

Storage specifications:

• Store at ≤6°C
• Keep sealed
• Protect from heat
• Protect from direct light
• Protect from moisture

These specifications describe laboratory storage only.

Research Limitations

Several limitations should be considered when interpreting AOD 9604 peptide research:

• Most strong positive metabolic findings come from rodents or in-vitro models.
• Animal body-weight findings do not establish human weight-loss efficacy.
• Controlled human obesity development did not demonstrate statistically significant weight loss relative to placebo.
• Development of AOD-9604 as an obesity therapy was discontinued.
• The precise mechanism remains incompletely characterized.
• AOD-9604 should not be treated as equivalent to full-length human growth hormone.
• FDA has identified limited human safety information.
• Potential immunogenicity and peptide-impurity risks remain relevant.
• Reported serious adverse events from historical studies cannot be confidently attributed to AOD-9604 based on currently available information.
• Before-and-after photographs and online testimonials are not controlled evidence.
• The 5mg quantity represents vial contents rather than a human dose.
• Protide Health AOD-9604 is not an FDA-approved weight-loss or therapeutic product.

For these reasons, AOD 9604 peptide is supplied strictly for qualified laboratory research.

Literature & Citation Index

Metabolic Studies of a Synthetic Lipolytic Domain (AOD9604) of Human Growth Hormone

Year: 2000
PMID: 11146367
DOI: 10.1159/000053183

Research Context: AOD-9604, obese Zucker rats, adipose tissue, lipolysis, body-weight gain, and insulin-sensitivity research.

Increase of Fat Oxidation and Weight Loss in Obese Mice Caused by Chronic Treatment With Human Growth Hormone or a Modified C-Terminal Fragment

Year: 2001
PMID: 11673763
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801740

Research Context: AOD-9604, obese mice, fat oxidation, plasma glycerol, body-weight gain, growth hormone receptor binding, and cell-proliferation research.

Effects of Human GH and Its Lipolytic Fragment AOD9604 on Lipid Metabolism

Year: 2001
PMID: 11713213
DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8522

Research Context: AOD-9604, beta-3 adrenergic receptor signaling, lipolysis, adipose tissue, knockout mouse models, and lipid metabolism.

Detection and In-Vitro Metabolism of AOD9604

Year: 2015
PMID: 25208511
DOI: 10.1002/dta.1715

Research Context: AOD-9604 sequence identity, mass-spectrometry detection, peptide metabolites, serum and urine metabolism, and analytical research.

Researchers can review broader AOD-9604 and growth-hormone-fragment research indexed by PubMed for additional peer-reviewed literature.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is AOD 9604 peptide?

AOD 9604 peptide is a synthetic 16-amino-acid analogue based on the C-terminal region of human growth hormone.

What is the AOD-9604 sequence?

The sequence is:

Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe

or:

YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF

Does AOD-9604 contain a disulfide bond?

Yes. The peptide contains a disulfide bridge between Cys7 and Cys14.

What is the AOD-9604 molecular formula?

The molecular formula is:

C78H123N23O23S2

What is the molecular weight?

The molecular weight is approximately:

1815.12 g/mol

What is the CAS number?

The CAS number is:

221231-10-3

What is the PubChem CID?

The PubChem identifier is:

CID 71300630

What are AOD 9604 benefits?

Preclinical studies have investigated lipolysis, fat oxidation, adipocyte biology, and beta-adrenergic pathways. These findings do not establish human AOD 9604 benefits.

Does AOD-9604 cause human weight loss?

Controlled clinical development did not demonstrate statistically significant weight-loss superiority over placebo in the larger obesity program.

What do AOD 9604 before and after results show?

AOD 9604 before and after photographs or anecdotes cannot establish efficacy. Controlled human evidence is more informative and did not establish significant weight-loss efficacy.

What are AOD 9604 side effects?

FDA has stated that available human safety information is limited and has highlighted potential peptide immunogenicity and impurity concerns. Protide Health does not claim this product is safe for human administration.

Is AOD-9604 the same as growth hormone?

No. AOD-9604 is a 16-amino-acid fragment analogue, whereas human growth hormone is a much larger 191-amino-acid protein.

Is AOD-9604 a peptide?

Yes. AOD-9604 peptide consists of 16 amino acids linked through peptide bonds.

What purity does Protide Health specify?

Protide Health specifies 99% purity, HPLC-MS verification, and third-party testing.

What size is available?

Protide Health supplies:

5mg

Is AOD-9604 intended for human use?

No. It is supplied exclusively for adipocyte, metabolic, biochemical, molecular, analytical, in-vitro, and qualified preclinical research.

Laboratory Terms & Compliance

Laboratory Research Use Only

This AOD 9604 peptide product is supplied exclusively for laboratory research, adipocyte studies, lipid-metabolism investigation, beta-adrenergic research, peptide-metabolism analysis, biochemical experimentation, molecular studies, analytical testing, in-vitro investigation, and qualified preclinical experimentation.

It is not intended for human or veterinary consumption, obesity treatment, fat-loss treatment, weight management, bodybuilding, athletic-performance enhancement, injection, oral administration, diagnostic use, therapeutic use, or clinical administration.

No human dosage, injection schedule, weight-loss protocol, body-fat protocol, bodybuilding cycle, body-weight calculation, treatment cycle, or human-use preparation guidance is provided.

The purchaser is responsible for appropriate laboratory handling, storage, experimental validation, and use under applicable institutional, federal, state, and local requirements.

For research use only.